Gas-related symptoms, experienced by 80% of adults, negatively affect quality of life A survey across two continents showed that just 11% of adults could report a lack of gas-related symptoms during a ...

An endoscope with a transparent cap enters through a 2 cm mucosal incision into the submucosal “third” space, approximately 5 cm proximal to the lower esophageal sphincter. Four distinct tissue layers ...

Achalasia is a chronic oesophageal motility disorder characterised by impaired relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) and loss of peristalsis. This condition results in progressive ...

Figure 4 is consistent with the pattern of type I achalasia. There is almost no pressurization in the proximal, middle, or distal portion of the esophagus with each swallow. Figure 5 permits ...