Troy Segal is an editor and writer. She has 20+ years of experience covering personal finance, wealth management, and business news. Toby Walters is a financial writer, investor, and lifelong learner.

TfL combines open and closed loop systems, using Oyster Cards, contactless card payments, and NFC Google or Apple pay, alongside physical ticketing. Transport for London (TfL) has long been regarded ...

Open-loop current sensors have a definite price advantage over closed-loop counterparts. While you can use them in drive applications where torque accuracy isn't demanding — such as pump and fan ...

Open-loop stepper motors have held a prominent position in automation applications over the years due to their simplicity, excellent positioning, and low cost. However, as manufacturers utilize faster ...

Miroslav Katsarov is the CEO of Modeshift, a technology company bringing intelligent transportation to small- and mid-size transit agencies. Open-loop payments have emerged as a high-profile trend in ...