THE increasing application to various radio purposes of ultra-short electric waves of less than 10 m. in wave-length has given a new stimulus to the problem of calculating the field strength at ...

When light passes through materials, it typically changes direction and bends in predictable ways. This change in direction, ...

In addition to our other problems, we must also contend with transmission (with attenuation), reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, and scattering. In addition to our other problems, we ...

In 1967 the Russian physicist Victor Veselago predicted the existence of a material with a negative index of refraction, which he termed “left-handed.” He concluded that in the presence of such a ...

Light scattering as the basis for size determination of many objects has been explored for a long time. It was Gustav Mie, author of the Mie Scattering Theory, who studied gold nanoparticles in ...

In the semiconductor industry, more sophisticated control of the planarization steps is a key process requirement for higher density chip technology. The use of colloidal dispersion of metal oxide ...

What color is the coronavirus? Conventional optical microscopes are unable to generate high-resolution, colored images of viruses and bacteria. Expensive equipment is used to view them in a more real ...