Modulation bandwidths continue to grow, promising higher data rates yet imposing test difficulties. Most test technologies are still rooted in past, narrowband architectures, which are increasingly ...

The signal integrity analysis of high-speed electronic designs requires that the interconnect models be valid over a wide bandwidth. To represent the frequency-dependent behavior of a complex ...

Developing a power module requires enhanced design and verification methods. Currently, multiple iterations are needed to get the design done. Today, design and manufacturing processes are heavily ...

S parameters play a dominant role in high speed PCB simulation and verification. Generation of S parameters is relatively easy at high frequency in comparison to other parameters like Y and Z. In this ...

Power modules are high-power switching circuits that convert DC- in AC-currents in electric vehicles, renewable energy, and many more applications. New materials [14] and device technologies [14], ...

What are S-parameters? The multiple types of S-parameters beyond the small-signal variety. Using S-parameters, we can represent even the most complex RF device as a simple N-port network. Figure 1 ...

As high-speed serial data rates advance beyond 50 Gb/s, conventional logic-emulating non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling is being replaced by PAM4, a four-level pulse amplitude-modulation scheme. PAM4 ...